MDC2024: Mock Data
2024 Mock Data samples (MDC2020 ensembles)
Introduction
Mock data samples can be helpful in two ways:
- to help prepare physics analysis efforts;
- to help us understand the size of our data .art files and ntuples.
Streams
The two purposes above (physics studies, trigger studies) will result in different samples, with differing complexity.
Physics stream
Includes all major components and pile-up. The DIOtail momentum cut can be higher (nominally p>95 MeV/c will be used as a starting point). Three samples will be made: signal at just below current limit (1e-13), closed sample (random signal choice), no signal.
Trigger stream
Here all backgrounds and pile-up will be included but no signal. The DIOtail cut is reduced below the trigger threshold to p > 75 MeV/c.
Inputs
There are several assumptions made when we choose a livetime:
Booster Batch Mode
The Booster Batch (BB) mode describes the incoming operational mode of the booster which feeds the beam through our delivery ring which in turn passes protons to Mu2e.
There are two "run modes" in Mu2e: 1BB and 2BB, in the low-intensity running mode the mean intensity is 1.6E7 protons/pulse and in the higher-intensity mode this becomes 3.9E7 protons/pulse.
| Batch | Time (s) | T Cycle (s) | T Spill (s) | Spills | frac | On Spill Time | N-cycles | POT per cycle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.52E+06 | 1.33 | 1.07E-01 | 4 | 0.323 | 3.07E+06 | 7.16E+06 | 4.00E+12 |
| 2 | 1.58E+06 | 1.4 | 4.31E-02 | 8 | 0.246 | 3.89E+05 | 1.13E+06 | 8.00E+12 |
Expected DIOs
The expected number of muon stops per POT is 1.56E-3 muons/POT (from MDC2020p). The decay : capture ratio for Al is 0.39:0.61.
In our simulation, we tend to focus on simulating the higher momentum tail with cuts of p > 75MeV/c sampling a fraction of 4.19E-07 of the entire DIO spectrum. and p > 95 MeV/c sampling a fraction of 3.64E-11 of the entire DIO spectrum.
| livetime | BB | POT | Stopped Muons | DIOs (p>75MeV/c) | DIOs (p>95MeV/c) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 hour | 1BB | 1.08E16 | 1.67e+13 | 7.10e6 | 609 |
Sim Efficiencies and Databases
One major improvement from the previous MDC2018 is that we now have database implementation in Mu2e. This includes a "SimEfficiency" data-base which can be used to extract the expected rates from the simulation, without need for hardcoding. Here is an example of how to extract the number of stopped muons per pot:
# get stopped rates from DB
dbtool = DbService.DbTool()
dbtool.init()
args=["print-run","--purpose","MDC2020_best","--version","v1_1","--run","1200","--table","SimEfficiencies2","--content"]
dbtool.setArgs(args)
dbtool.run()
rr = dbtool.getResult()
# get number of target muon stops:
target_stopped_mu_per_POT = 1.0
rate = 1.0
lines= rr.split("\n")
for line in lines:
words = line.split(",")
if words[0] == "MuminusStopsCat" or words[0] == "MuBeamCat" :
#print(f"Including {words[0]} with rate {words[3]}")
rate = rate * float(words[3])
target_stopped_mu_per_POT = rate * 1000
print(f"Final stops rate muon {target_stopped_mu_per_POT}")
Production Scripts
To automate parts of the process a number of scripts have been written. These reside in the Produciton repo: Production/ensembles.
There are a number of helper scripts available:
ensemble python scripts
- normalization.py - calculated normalization for each sample based on user assumptions
- maketemplatefcl.py - makes the SamplingInput fcl for the provided data set
- calculateEvents.py - prints number of a specific process events for chosen user inputs
ensemble shell scripts
- Stage1: the S1 script tells you the minimum number of events needed to match a chosen cosmic sample for each input process. The number of jobs for each input process must match the number of chosen cosmic files. You could simulate more than this to allow for failure modes, but only use that number of jobs in the eventual ensembling.
- Stage2: this script combines the input samples, the template fcl and passes these to the grid to run the parrallized ensembling using the standard Mu2e grid tools.
Components
DIO tail
The DIO tails is simulated from stopped muons using the SingleProcessGenerator defined in the Offline EventGenerator directory. The DIOGenerator tool is used to provide the correct momentum distribution based on the 5-8 polynomial derived by Czarnecki et al.
A filter called GenFilter is used to remove events unlikely to produce viable events in the reconstruction. The effect of the filter is to improve the time performance by 40%, there is no loss of efficiency.
Two DIO tail samples are included as primaries in two sets of samples for MDC2024: one has a cut at p > 95 MeV/c (a fraction of 3.64e-11 of the entire DIO momentum spectrum) and another has a lower cut, below the trigger threshold, of p > 75 MeV/c (a fraction of 4.19e-7 of the entire DIO spectrum).
In previous simulation studies, DIOs of all momenta are included in the pile-up stream and not as primaries, including them as primaries has the advantage of giving us a large sample of events and therefore increased realism.
Conversion and Conversion Leading Log
CeEndpoints are a standard part of production. The Leading Log camapign includes the leading log corrections calculated by Szfaron. This results in about 10% of electrons being in a lower momentum tail (as opposed to all being at 104.97 MeV/c in the case of the CeEndpoint).
Cosmics
As part of SU2020 a campaign that used the CORSIKA generator was built and exercised, providing 1.1e7s of cosmic events to be sampled from. Similarily a campaign of a similar size using the CRY generator is also available.
The CRY sample is used for pass 0, but the CORSIKA one is used for the later camapigns.
Pile-up
For pass 0 the existing pile-up streams were used. These were mixed with the combined primary sample as if it were any other primary sample.
This will provide some inaccuracies, as we are mixing in two DIO samples (one as a primary for p > 95 MeV/c and one which is part of the MuStopPileup sample and covers all momentum ranges up to the endpoint). This could introduce some double counting but it is unlikely to overly effect the outcomes of any physics analysis applied to these samples.
For future passes, custom pile-up samples will be combined as primaries in the same way we have done the DIO tails.
RPC
RPC is simulated using the RPCGun generator. Both internal and external RPC can be simulated using the same generator.
At timing filter on arrival proper time of the stopped pions is used to improve performance of the simulation. This must be factored in when normalizing the samples.
Input Samples
Here is a list of the relevant samples used as part of the current Mock Data effort.
The exact samples input into each MDS is mentioned below.
| process | campaign | generated | reconstructed | livetime (s) (1BB) | POT equiv | eff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CosmicCORSIKA | MDC2020ae | 9568173 | 1.1e7 | |||
| DIOtailp95MeVc | MDC2024a_4 | 401760000 | 192315262 | 6032089213 | 1.81416E+22 | 0.478 |
| DIOtailp75MeVc | MDC2024a_3 | 160000000 | 28887387 | 2.03E+05 | 6.11958E+17 | 0.180 |
| DIOtail (95) | MDC2020ad | 3267000 | 1534077 | 127960436.9 | 3.84843E+20 | 0.469 |
| DIOtail (75) | MDC2020ad_sm0 | 170150000 | 30357435 | 2219329 | 6.67465E+17 | 0.178 |
| CeEndpoint | MDC2020ac | 100000 | 54280 | 0.542 | ||
| CeMLeadingLog | MDC2024a_sm4 | 22400 | 11687 | 0.522 |
DIO 75MeV/c short tests
A set of very short samples with a p>75MeV/c cut on the DIO tail were generated to get a feel for the size and time taken to generate this sample. These are available for anyone testing the trigger, but not useful for physics studies. The larger DIOtail only sample can also be used as in all cases the eventual events were all DIOtails.
| Tag | Processes | BB | equiv. time | equiv. POT | Rmue | conditions | Comments | sam name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| testa | CE+DIO(75MeV/c) | 1BB | 17s | 5.22e13 | 0 | perfect | dts,dig,mcs | ensemble-1BB-CEDIO-60s-p75MeVc |
| testb | CE+DIO(75MeV/c)+CRY | 1BB | 17s | 5.22e13 | 0 | perfect | dts,dig,mcs | ensemble-1BB-CEDIOCRYCosmic-60s-p75MeVc |
| testc | CE+DIO(75MeV/c) | 2BB | 13s | 7.7e13 | 0 | perfect | dts,dig,mcs | ensemble-2BB-CEDIO-60s-p75MeVc |
| testd | CE+DIO(75MeV/c)+CRY | 2BB | 13s | 7.7e13 | 0 | perfect | dts,dig,mcs | ensemble-2BB-CEDIOCRYCosmic-60s-p75MeVc |
| teste | CE+DIO(75MeV/c)+CRY | 1BB | 0 | perfect | dts only | ensemble-1BB-CEDIOCRYCosmic-3600s-p75MeVc | ||
| testf | CE+DIO(75MeV/c)+CRY+PU | 1BB | 0 | perfect | dts only | ensembles-1BB-CEDIOCRYCosmic-60s-p75MeVc-OnSpillMix1BBTriggered |
Mock-Dataset-0 (MDS0) (95 MeV/c)
The MDS0 samples all include DIO tail events with the 95 MeV/c cut. Two sample sizes are chosen: 1 week livetime and 1 month livetime.
All components except the RPC are included. Two Rmue values are used, one at 1e-13 which is just below the present upper limit (7e-13) and allows around 55 generated CE events for the 1 week sample and 222 generated CE for the 1 month livetime (before any selection or reconstruction efficiency is factored in).
The samples available are listed below:
| Tag | Processes | BB | eqiv POT | equiv livetime | Rmue | conditions | sam name | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDS0a | CE+DIO(95MeV/c) | 1BB | 1.50e18 | 4.89E+05 (5.7days) | 9.39E-14 | best,perfect | nts.mu2e.MDS0a.MDC2020ad_perfect_v1_2.root | |
| MDS0b | CE+DIO(95MeV/c)+CRY | 1BB | 5.61E+17 | 1.86E+05 (2.1 days) | 1e-13 | best,perfect | nts.mu2e.MDS0b.MDC2020ad_perfect_v1_3.root | |
| MDS0c | CE+DIO(95MeV/c)+CRY | 1BB | 2.31E+18 | 7.70E+05 (8.9 days) | 8.88E-14 | best,perfect | ensemble-1BB-CEDIOCRYCosmic-2400000s-p95MeVc-Trigger- | |
| MDS0d | CE+DIO(95MeV/c)+CRY+PU | 1BB | 5.84E+17 | 1.94E+05 (2.2 days) | 1.35E-13 | perfect | ensemble-1BB-CEDIOCRYCosmic-600000s-p95MeVcMix1BBTriggered | normalization somewhat handwavy here, expect similar to pass0b |
| MDS0e | CE+DIO(95MeV/c)+CRY | 1BB | 1e-13 | perfect | dts only: ensemble-1BB-CEDIOCRYCosmic-31000000s-p95MeVc | largest simple sample |
The dts, digi, mcs and TrkAna ntuples are available in the usual locations. In most cases the digi and reco stages were ran with perfect and best condtions.
The component samples which went into these streams are listed here:
| process | tag | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| CeEndpoint | MDC2020ac | |
| DIOtail (95MeV/c) | MDC2020ad | |
| DIOtail (75MeV/c) | MDC2020ad_sm0 | |
| CRY Comsic | MDC2020s | 1 year sample, signal stream |
| pile-up/stops | MDC2020p | most recently made mu beam sample |
Yields
Before any cuts are applied the true values for each process can be derived using the Process Code:
| tag | DIOtail | CE | Cosmics | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDS0a | 9966 | 49 | N/A | |
| MDS0b | 3801 | 20 | 4684 | |
| MDS0c | 15691 | 73 | 19101 | |
| MDS0d | 3956 | 28 | 4681 |
Once a standard set of cuts is defined we will apply those and update these yields.
Effects of Pile-up
Samples pass0b and pass0d are essentially the same, in terms of physics contributions. However, pass0d contains standard pile up. Here is a list of the processess reconstructed in each file:
- Pass0b:
[(38, 'cosmicCRY', 4684)] process code counts: [(12, 'compt', 71), (13, 'conv', 882), (14, 'Decay', 181), (17, 'eIoni', 24), (31, 'muIoni', 2269), (34, 'muPairProd', 143), (56, 'mu2ePrimary', 4684), (97, 'neutronInelastic', 2), (99, 'pi_PlusInelastic', 1), (114, 'DIO', 7), (116, 'muonNuclear', 4), (166, 'mu2eMuonDecayAtRest', 3801), (167, 'mu2eCeMinusEndpoint', 20)]
- Pass0d
(38, 'cosmicCRY', 4681) process codes: [(12, 'compt', 176), (13, 'conv', 892), (14, 'Decay', 470), (17, 'eIoni', 39), (31, 'muIoni', 2285), (34, 'muPairProd', 139), (56, 'mu2ePrimary', 4681), (97, 'neutronInelastic', 1), (100, 'pi_MinusInelastic', 1), (114, 'DIO', 456), (116, 'muonNuclear', 4), (133, 'RadioactiveDecayBase', 1), (165, 'mu2eMuonCaptureAtRest', 4), (166, 'mu2eMuonDecayAtRest', 3956), (167, 'mu2eCeMinusEndpoint', 28)
So, as you see, the total number of mu2eMuonDecayAtRest is similar, a slight increase in 0d. This could be a result of decays < the chosen cut but also there will be some chance of double counting in current PU model. Part of the goals moving forward is to remove that possibility. There are also a few more CeMinusEndpoints. Whether these would pass selection cuts is not known. We see an increase in compton events, Decay events and DIO (which includes Michel decays and DIFs). We see a small amount of capture backgrounds (4).
Mock Dataset 1 (MDS1)
MDS1 will inherit from the MDC2020ae (Cosmics) and MDC2024a_* releases and classified as MDC2024a.
Several updates are made for MDS 1:
- CeEndpoint now including the leading log too;
- DIO tail momentum cut moved to 75 MeV/c for triggered stream only;
- CORSIKA generator used for cosmics;
- PU streams upgraded (might move to pass2).
All will assume 1BB:
| Tag | Processes | equiv livetime | Rmue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDS1a | CELL+DIO(95MeV/c)+CORSIKA | ~1 week | 1e-13 | |
| MDS1b | CELL+DIO(95MeV/c)+CORSIKA | ~1 month | 1e-14 | |
| MDS1c | CELL+DIO(95MeV/c)+CORSIKA | ~1 month | 0 | |
| MDS1d | CELL+DIO(95MeV/c)+CORSIKA+RPC | 1month | 1e-13 | |
| MDS1e | CELL+DIO(95MeV/c)+CORSIKA+RPC+PU | 1year | 1e-13 | |
| MDS0f | CELL+DIO(95MeV/c)+CORSIKA+RPC+PU | 1year | random | |
| MDS0g | CE+DIO(95MeV/c)+CORSIKA+RP+PU | 1year | 0 |
| process | tag | events |
|---|---|---|
| CeMLeadingLog | MDC2024a_sm4 | 800K |
| DIOtail (95MeV/c) | MDC2024a_sm4 | very large |
| DIOtail_95 (95MeV/c) | MDC2020ai | 1 year |
| DIOtail_75 (75MeV/c) | MDC2020ai | 1 year |
| DIOtail (75MeV/c) | MDC2024a_sm3 | 1 week |
| CORSIKA | MDC2020ae | |
| pile-up/stops | MDC2020p | - |
Mock Dataset 2 (MDS2)
Here we add in the RPC/RMC streams and also provide positron samples ... TBC